3.3 Seasonal dynamics
At the landscape scale, all diversity metrics were similar among the
three forest types during all seasons (Fig. 6). At the site scale, all
diversity metrics (mean value) were lowest in the plantation forest and
highest in the primary or secondary forests during all seasons
(Fig.
6). As for community structures, in most cases, SES.MPD and SES.MFD
values were close to zero, while SES.MPD values were significantly less
than zero in the primary forests in spring and summer (Fig. 7).