Echocardiographic parameters according to gender are depicted in Table III
Males had a tendency towards a higher RAVI and RALS measurements compared to females (20.8 ± 6.3 mL/m2 and 18.7 ± 5.2 mL/m2, P=0.07: 34.6 ± 9.6% and 31.4 ± 10.9 %, P=0.141, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in RV measurements and function parameters between males and females. All participants had LV diastolic pulsed-wave (trans-mitral E and A waves) and tissue doppler measurements within the normal accepted guideline range except for A wave and A’ lateral which were higher in females compared to males (P=0.001 and P=0.004, respectively). Male participants had higher LV end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions and volumes, as well as LA volume indexed to BSA.