1.Introduction
In 1839 Gustav Rose Russian scientist discovered CaTiO2, and further research was carriedbyPerovskifor that reason scientists called that mineral perovskite. The mineral CaTiO3 (XIIA2 + VIB4 + X 2-3) called as perovskite structure [1,15,16]. It is also one of the topmost research in superconductivity, magnetoresistance, conductivity of ions, and Dielectric properties which are significant in telecommunication and others.Perovskite, it is a semiconductor, which is used to transport the electric charge when lights hits the materials. In Oxford Universitythe United Kingdom researchers had found thatperovskite has been theinstantaneous replacement for third-generation solar cells [2].
Miyasakahas been preparedthe first perovskite solar cell in 2009on DSSC with TiO2. The PCE is only 3.8% and the stability was very low in the press of liquid electrolyte. By using a parallel concept park has been enhanced cell efficiency by 6.5% in 2011 by using Quantum dots for monocrystalline materials. In the year 2012 Henery etal. achieve 10% [3], Burschka etal. attain 15 % in the year 2013, YangYangis achieving 19.1% PCE in 2014. In the year of march 2016 researchers from theKUST reached22.1%, In 2020 UNIST reported that they reached 25.5% [4].However, due to the toxicity of lead, FASnI3 is aninstant alternate material for PSC. Moreover, FASnI3 has a lower Eg around1.2 to 1.4 eV, an Ab-coefficient around 105 and excellent optical propertiessideways with small effective massand high mobility (Leet al. 2012, Iefanova, et al. 2016, Anwar, et al. 2017). It has attain 7.13% efficiency, which is considerably low to its Pb-based counterpart (Li, et al. 2019).Becauseof low-efficiency FASnI3 is susceptible to the atmosphere due to simplistic oxidation and forms environmentally benign Sn4+ from Sn2+.From this simulation, aim to forecast the best possible efficiency of FTO/ CuO/ FASnI3/ TiO2/ gold (Au) solar cell by optimally varying the thickness, Nd, valence band (VB) effective density of state of the absorber and metal work are calculated. In this paper we attain 18.10 efficiency of FASnI3 based solar cell and also we also signifying CuO2 as agood substitute HTL because of its low cost fabrications and outstanding mobility.