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\begin{document}

\title{Grain carbon isotope composition is a marker for allocation and harvest
index in wheat}



\author[1]{Jean-Baptiste Domergue}%
\author[1]{Cyril Abadie}%
\author[2]{Julie Lalande}%
\author[3]{Jean-Charles Deswarte}%
\author[4]{Eric S. Ober}%
\author[5]{Valerie Laurent}%
\author[6]{Celine Zimmerli}%
\author[7]{Phlippe Lerebour}%
\author[8]{Laure Duchalais}%
\author[9]{Camille Bedard}%
\author[10]{Jeremy Derory}%
\author[11]{Thierry Moittie}%
\author[12]{Marlene Lamothe}%
\author[13]{Katia Beauchene}%
\author[14]{Anis Limami}%
\author[15]{Guillaume Tcherkez}%
\affil[1]{University of Angers}%
\affil[2]{IRHS}%
\affil[3]{Arvalis Institut du Vegetal}%
\affil[4]{NIAB}%
\affil[5]{Florimond-Deprez}%
\affil[6]{BASF France}%
\affil[7]{Unisigma }%
\affil[8]{RAGT 2n}%
\affil[9]{Secobra}%
\affil[10]{Groupe Limagrain}%
\affil[11]{ASUR Plant Breeding}%
\affil[12]{CNRS}%
\affil[13]{Arvalis Experimental Research Station Boigneville}%
\affil[14]{University of Angers, (IRHS 1345) Institute of Research of Horticulture and Seeds }%
\affil[15]{Affiliation not available}%


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  \date{May 27, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
The natural 13C abundance (\selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}13C) in plant leaves has been used for
decades with great success in agronomy to monitor water use efficiency
and select modern cultivars adapted to dry conditions. However, in
wheat, breeding also implies looking for genotypes with high carbon
allocation to spikes and grains, and thus with a high harvest index
and/or low carbon losses via respiration. Finding isotope-based markers
of optimal carbon partitioning to grains would be extremely useful since
isotope analyses are inexpensive and can be performed routinely at high
throughput. Here, we took advantage of a set of field trials made of
more than 600 plots with several wheat cultivars and measured agronomic
parameters as well as \selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}13C values in leaves and grains. We find a linear
relationship between the apparent isotope discrimination between leaves
and grain (denoted as \selectlanguage{greek}Δδ\selectlanguage{english}corr), and the respiration use
efficiency-to-harvest index ratio. It means that overall, efficient
carbon allocation to grains is associated with a small isotopic
difference between leaves and grains. Our results show that 13C natural
abundance in grains has some potential to help finding genotypes with
better carbon allocation properties and assisting current wheat breeding
technologies%
\end{abstract}%



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