Satyrium is an endangered and rare genus of plant that has various pharmacodynamic functions. In this study, MaxEnt default parameters were adjusted by the ENMeval package. Optimized MaxEnt models were used in analyzing potential geographical distributions under current and future climatic conditions (the 2050s and 2070s) and dominant environmental variables influencing their geographic distribution. The results provided reference for implementation of long-term conservation and management approaches for the species. The results showed the area of the total suitable habitat for S. ciliatum in China is 32.51 × 104 km2, the total suitable habitat area for S. nepalense in China is 61.76 × 104 km2, and the area of the total suitable habitat for S. yunnanense in China is 89.73 × 104 km2 under current climatic conditions. The potential suitable habitat of Satyrium is mainly distributed in Southwest China. The major environmental variables influencing the geographical distribution of S. ciliatum were isothermality (bio3), temperature seasonality (bio4), and mean temperature of coldest quarter (bio11). Environmental variables such as isothermality (bio3), temperature seasonality (bio4), and precipitation of coldest quarter (bio19) affected the geographical distribution of S. nepalense; and environmental variables such as isothermality (bio3), temperature seasonality (bio4), and lower temperature of coldest month (bio6) affected the geographical distribution of S. yunnanense. The distribution range of Satyrium was extended as global warming increased, showing emissions of greenhouse gases with lower concentration (SSP1-2.6) and higher concentration (SSP5-8.5). According to the study, the distribution of suitable habitat will shift with a change to higher elevation areas and higher latitude areas in the future.

Pine wilt disease (PWD) cause by pine wood nematodes (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is an epidemic forest disease that seriously threatens the world’s forest resources and human ecological environment. Predicting the potential geographical distribution of PWD in China under climate change and studying the impact of climate change on the distribution of PWD using the MaxEnt model can provide a basis for high - efficiency quarantine, supervision, and timely prevention and control. In our study, the ENMeval data package was used to optimize the parameter setting of the MaxEnt model based on 647 geographical distribution locations of PWD and seven climate factors, the potential distribution areas of PWD under current and future climate conditions (2050s, 2070s) were simulated and predicted, and the dominant environmental factors affecting the geographical distribution of PWD were analyzed. The results showed that the value of AICc of the Akaike information criterion was 0, and the prediction accuracy was good when the feature combination (FC) was LQHPT and the regularization multiplier (RM) was 0.5. The results showed that the main climate factors affecting the distribution of PWD were temperature (max temperature of warmest month (bio5), mean temperature of driest quarter (bio9), rainfall (coefficient of variation of precipitation seasonality (bio14) and precipitation of wettest quarter (bio16). The prediction results of the MaxEnt model showed that the area of the total suitable habitat and highly suitable habitat will expand significantly in 2050 and 2070, and the potential distribution of PWD will tend to spread to high latitude and altitude.

Satyrium is an endangered and rare genus of plant that has various pharmacodynamic functions. The prediction of potentially suitable habitat of Satyrium species and to analyze their changes, the model MaxEnt niche was applied; furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to analyze accuracy. The results provided an available reference for implementation of long-term conservation and management approaches for the species. Under the current climatic conditions, the area of the total suitable habitat for Satyrium ciliatum (S. ciliatum) in China is 32.51 × 104 km2, the total suitable habitat area for Satyrium nepalense (S. nepalense) in China is 61.76 × 104 km2, and the area of the total suitable habitat for Satyrium yunnanense (S. yunnanense) in China is 89.73 × 104 km2. The potential suitable habitat of Satyrium is mainly distributed in Southwest China. The major environmental changes influencing the geographical distribution of S. ciliatum were temperature seasonality (Bio4), isothermality (Bio3), and mean temperature of coldest quarter (Bio11). The geographical distribution of S. nepalense was mainly affected by environmental variables like temperature seasonality (Bio4), isothermal environment (Bio3), and precipitation of the coldest quarter (Bio19); and the geographical distribution of the species S. yunnanense were mainly affected by the environmental variables such as temperature seasonality (Bio4), isothermality (Bio3) and lower temperature of the coldest month (Bio6). The distribution range of Satyrium’s extended with global warming increased, in both situations’ emissions of greenhouse gases with lower concentration (SSP1-2.6) and the emission of greenhouse gases with higher concentration (SSP5-8.5). According to the study, the distribution of suitable habitat would shift with change to higher elevated areas in the coming time.