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\begin{document}

\title{Chemical Assessment and Proximate Composition of Shorea macrophylla and
Shorea palembanica Seed Oil and Oilseeds}



\author[1]{Sahlinah Abdul Rakman}%
\author[1]{Zaini Assim}%
\author[1]{Fasihuddin Badruddin Ahmad}%
\affil[1]{Universiti Malaysia Sarawak}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 04, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Present study evaluated the fatty acid profile and oxidative stability
of Shorea macrophylla and Shorea palembanica oils. Analysis on fatty
acid profile of S. macrophylla and S. palembanica oils using gas
chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy -- attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) found no
significant difference among the oils. Stearic, palmitic and oleic acids
are the major fatty acids in Shorea oils. The influence of type of
extraction, fatty acid profile, and anti-oxidant activity on acid value
(AV) and peroxide value (PV) were determined using Pearson correlation
coefficient (r) analysis. Highest correlation was found between type of
extraction, antioxidant activity (phenolic content), AV and PV,
suggesting the type of extraction strongly influenced the phenolic
content and oxidative stability. S. macrophylla oil extracted using
mechanical expeller (MESM) have the highest quality oil (AV: 3.76 mg
NaOH/g; PV: 7.96 meq O2/kg) compared to SESM, MESP and SESP oils.
Similarities in fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of Shorea
oil and cocoa butter indicates the potential of Shorea oil to be
utilised industrially as Cocoa Butter Equivalence (CBE) and vegetable
oil. Shorea oilseeds contain an appreciable amount of essential
macrominerals and a comparable amount of microminerals to common seeds.
The anti-nutritive factor oxalate was found higher (p\textless{}0.05) in
S. palembanica oilseeds than in S. macrophylla with values of 0.14 and
0.12 g/100 g respectively. The amount of phytate in Shorea seeds is not
significantly different at 5\% level with a value of 0.29 g/100 g.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


\emph{Response to Editor:}

Dear editor, thank you for the comments. The following is a
point-by-point rebuttal to the comments. Kindly make reference to the
updated manuscript.

1. The figure legends need to be improved to meet the publication
standards of the journal. An ideal legend should contain a brief
descriptive or definitive title, a short description of the techniques
used (including the number of replicates and statistical tests used) and
an explanation for the symbols/error bars used. A brief statement of
results is optional.

-The figure legends have been improved. The legend contains the title,
methods, number of replicates, statistical tests used, and an
explanation of the error bars. Please refer to Figure 3 to 7 in the
resubmitted manuscript.

2. ~Figure 1 should contain a size bar to indicate how large the seeds
are. Panel b appears to contain a ruler, but the units are not visible.
Panel a contains someone's hand, which is strange.

Updated Figure 1 contains size bars, please refer to Figure 1 a and b in
the resubmitted manuscript.

3. Figure 2 (FAME chromatograms) is of poor quality. The y axis is
missing and the x-axes are hard to see, lack units and appear to be at
different scales. The figure is largely redundant with Table 2, so
probably can be removed.

-Figure 2 is redundant with Table 2, thus Figure 2 has been removed.

4. Figure 3 (oxidative stability graphs) - the axis titles are hard to
see. Also, panel c is missing half of the SESP column. ~Statistical
information needs to be added to the graphs. As noted above, a figure
legend is needed to explain what all the abbreviations are.

- Figure 3 has been improved to Figure 3 to 7. The bar graphs have been
changed into line art and the resolution has been changed to 1000 dpi
according to electronic artwork guidelines. Figure legends have been
improved by adding titles, method used, number of replicates,
statistical analysis and error bars. Please refer to the resubmitted
manuscript.

5. ~Revise your manuscript using a word processing program and save it
on your computer. Please indicate your changes using tracked changes,
colored text, or highlighted text.

- The entire manuscript has been paraphrased. The FTIR data has been
incorporated into the updated manuscript, and all changes to the figures
have been highlighted. Please refer to the resubmitted manuscript.

\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Resubmit JAOCS.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/444118/articles/543929-chemical-assessment-and-proximate-composition-of-shorea-macrophylla-and-shorea-palembanica-seed-oil-and-oilseeds}

\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Table.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/444118/articles/543929-chemical-assessment-and-proximate-composition-of-shorea-macrophylla-and-shorea-palembanica-seed-oil-and-oilseeds}\selectlanguage{english}
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