Introduction
As of early September 2021, there are 24 COVID-19 vaccines approved for SARS-CoV-2 prevention, while there are 140 other COVID-19 vaccine candidates in different phases of clinical trials. Approved vaccines have been granted emergency use authorization for the prevention of COVID-19, the ongoing global health pandemic. Although the short term and the common adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines are well documented, the rare adverse effects are also more likely to be reported due to widespread mass immunization programs. The long-term sequelae of COVID-19 vaccines are yet to be witnessed in the future.
Vasculitis is the disorder characterized by the presence of mononuclear cells in vessel walls of different organs with reactive damage to mural structures. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV) is characterized by antibodies against antigens in cytoplasmic granules of neutrophils and predominantly affects small vessels. AAV is associated with ANCA specific for myeloperoxidase (MPO-ANCA) or proteinase 3 (PR3-ANCA). AAV can lead to renal failure by involving glomeruli. Although AAV after influenza vaccination has been previously reported, there are a very few case reports of AAV following COVID-19 vaccination (mRNA vaccines)(1,2). Here, we report a rare case of AAV in a patient after Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine administration.