Perinatal outcomes, obstetric complications, and congenital
defects
For younger women, details of perinatal outcomes resulting from FLBs,
such as gestational age, birth weight, neonatal asphyxia and infection,
NICU admission, and early neonatal death, are presented in Table S3a.
These results were not significantly different between the two BMI
groups. Besides, the rate of cesarean section was significantly higher
in the high BMI group than in the normal BMI group (90.6% vs 83.2%, p
< 0.001; Table S3a). In addition, obstetric complications,
except for the rates of HDP and placenta previa, were largely similar
between the two BMI categories. The incidences of HDP (4.4% vs 1.5%, p
< 0.001) and placenta previa (0.6% vs 2.2%, P <
0.001) in the high BMI group were significantly higher and lower,
respectively, than in the normal BMI group (Table S3a).
The rates of cesarean section (92.9% vs 87.1%, p < 0.001)
and HDP (6.7% vs 3.1%, p < 0.001) resulting from CLBs in
younger women with high BMI had similar trends to those of FLBs (Table
S4a). Moreover, the incidence of fetal macrosomia (4.7% vs 2.8%, p =
0.002; Table S4a) and birth defects involving cleft lip and palate
(0.4% vs 0.1%, p = 0.030; Table S5b) resulting from CLBs in younger
women with high BMI was significantly higher than in those with normal
BMI; these results were not
significantly different compared to those of FLBs (Table S3a and S5a).
In contrast, no significant differences were found in perinatal
outcomes, obstetric complications, and congenital defects resulting from
FLBs and CLBs in older women subgroups (Table S3b, S4b, S5a, and S5b).