2.7 Statistical analysis
All data are expressed as the mean of four replicates ± standard error (SE). Significant difference in the content or relative13C-enrichment throughout the time was determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnet test (P< 0.05), using the time 0 min as control. The difference between dark and light treatments in each time point was determined by Student’s t test (P < 0.05). These statistical analyses were carried out using SIGMAPLOT12 (Systat Software Inc., San Jose, CA, USA) or Minitab 18 statistical software (State College, PA: Minitab, Inc.). Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out in square root transformed and auto-scaled (mean-centred and divided by the standard deviation of each variable) data using the Metaboanalyst platform (Chong et al. 2018).