Conclusion
Based on the above results, we proposed a model in which H2S and rhizobia cooperate with each other to positively affected water deficiency. As shown in Fig. 13, we proved that the interaction of H2S and rhizobia have promoted the available nitrogen content of plants through symbiotic nitrogen fixation, which was used to reduce the damage caused by water deficiency. This interaction also responds to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species by regulating changes in plant metabolites, activating the oxidative defense system, increasing the expression level of related antioxidant genes, and regulating the expression of osmoprotectants related genes, thereby enhancing the photosynthesis of plants and improving the plant growth. In addition, the lipid metabolites in leaves may play an important role in activating the defense system to cope with water deficiency, which together provided a better protective effect against oxidative damage for plants.