Figure S9. Depth resolution of NIR-LFC. As the position and orientation of microlens arrays (MLAs) is fixed at B , a simple triangulation and thin lens equation from MLAs and objective lens can estimate the depth resolution of LFC without the need of a 3D calibration of the system. We considered the depth resolution along a line parallel to the optical axis and halfway between the two microlenses, apart from κ D. Note that a κ is a measure of the distance between the microlenses centers that are used for triangulation. An image point at distance x from the micro image center intersects the central bisecting line at point z (x ) is defined as \(\frac{1}{x}\bullet\frac{\text{κBD}}{2}\). A simple thin lens equation of z (x ), BL ,B , and fL calculate the depth resolution in each a) Keplerian configuration and b) Galilean configuration. c) Depth resolution of NIR-LFC is determined by the pre-determinedBL , B , and fL from Supplementary text and Fig. S6, and calculated as 1.7 mm. The κis set to 2 assuming that the nearest distance between microlenses generate the highest depth resolution.