2.2. Identification of institutional outcomes
Using geocoded addresses, we identified institutional cases and deaths as outcomes among individuals residing in a long-term care facility (LTCF), prison, or homeless shelter in MA. Locations and capacities of licensed nursing homes, rest homes, and assisted-living facilities (collectively aggregated to total number of LTCF beds) were obtained from MassGIS. Likewise, locations of all state, county, and federal correctional facilities in MA were obtained from MassGIS. Prison data excluded temporary processing or treatment facilities without residential inmates. Locations of homeless shelters in MA were provided by the MDPH Office of Population Health upon request.