Variable n (%), mean ±SD
Age (y) 65.5 ±11.0
Males 58 (84.1%)
Body surface area (m2) 1.64 ± 0.20
Body mass index (kg/m2) 22.4 ± 4.6
NYHA III/IV 50 (72.5%)
Preoperative IABP required 9 (13.0%)
Emergency 2 (2.9%)
Euro II score 15.2 ± 0.14
Clinical Frailty Score 3.32 ± 0.73
Comorbidities
Hypertension 31 (44.9%)
Dyslipidemia 40 (58.0%)
Diabetes mellitus 38 (55.1%)
Atrial fibrillation 20 (29.0%)
Hemodialysis 6 (8.7%)
COPD 31 (44.9%)
Smoking history 42 (60.9%)
Liver dysfunction 18 (26.1%)
Carotid artery stenosis 1 (1.4%)
Peripheral artery disease 6 (8.7%)
Prior cardiac surgery 7 (10.1%)
Prior myocardial infarction 14 (20.3%)
Prior percutaneous coronary intervention 17 (24.6%)
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) 48.5 ± 20.6
Hematocrit (%) 40.2 ± 5.5
Total bilirubin (mg/dl) 1.28 ± 0.66
Etiology
Ischemic 35 (50.7%)
Non-ischemic 34 (49.3%)
Preoperative echocardiogram
LV ejection fraction (%) 21.2 ± 9.1
Left atrial diameter (mm) 49.3 ± 7.4
LV diameter in diastole (mm) 65.1 ± 8.3
LV diameter in systole (mm) 58.6 ± 8.4
Mitral regurgitation 3.4 ± 0.6
Tricuspid regurgitation 2.3 ± 1.0
COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR = estimated
glomerular filtration rate; IABP = intra-aortic balloon pump; LV = left
ventricular; NYHA = New York Heart Association functional
classification; SD = standard deviation.
Table 2. Peri-operative results of the 69 patients
Variable n (%), mean ±SD
Mitral valve replacement 33 (47.8%)
Mitral valve plasty 36 (52.2%)
Subvalvular apparatus procedure 23 (63.9%)
Concomitant Procedure
Coronary artery bypass grafting 29 (42.0%)
Distal anastomoses/patient 3.0 ± 1.4
Tricuspid valve plasty 28 (40.6%)
Maze 18 (26.1%)
Left ventricular restoration 7 (10.1%)
Operation time (min) 289.5 ± 89.0
Cardiopulmonary bypass time (min) 158.3 ± 55.3
Aortic cross-clamp time (min) 88.5 ± 41.7
Transfusion 50 (72.5%)
Mean ventilation time except prolonged ventilation (h) 8.4 ± 9.0
Mean intensive care unit stay (days) 2.3 ± 3.9
Mean postoperative hospitalization (days) 23.6 ±22.6