Figure 1: Experimental plot setup for measuring light penetration. Plots were laid out in 1 m x 1 m squares divided into a 3 x 3 grid for a total of nine equal subsections within each plot. We took three light intensity measures (µmol s-1n-2) at the center of each row directly above the canopy, with an additional nine measurements (one in each subsection) at the ground-level. We then calculated three measures of percentage of light penetration for each plot by taking the mean light intensity at the ground-level for each row and using the equation: 100 × (ground-level light intensity / above-canopy light intensity).