References
1. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. The Management of Third- and Fourth-Degree Perineal Tears. Green-top Guideline No29. 2015.
2. LaCross A, Groff M, Smaldone A. Obstetric anal sphincter injury and anal incontinence following vaginal birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2015;60(1):37-47.
3. Leeman L, Rogers R, Borders N, Teaf D, Qualls C. The Effect of Perineal Lacerations on Pelvic Floor Function and Anatomy at 6 Months Postpartum in a Prospective Cohort of Nulliparous Women. Birth. 2016;43(4):293-302.
4. Fernando RJ, Sultan AH, Radley S, Jones PW, Johanson RB. Management of obstetric anal sphincter injury: a systematic review & national practice survey. BMC Health Services Research. 2002;2(1):1-10.
5. Priddis H, Schmied V, Dahlen H. Women’s experiences following severe perineal trauma: a qualitative study. BMC Womens Health. 2014;14(1):32.
6. Health AIo, Welfare. Australia’s mothers and babies 2018—in brief. Canberra: AIHW; 2020.
7. Lowder JL, Burrows LJ, Krohn MA, Weber AM. Risk factors for primary and subsequent anal sphincter lacerations: a comparison of cohorts by parity and prior mode of delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;196(4):344.e1-5.
8. D’Souza JC, Monga A, Tincello DG. Risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injuries at vaginal birth after caesarean: a retrospective cohort study. Int Urogynecol J. 2019;30(10):1747-53.
9. Raisanen S, Vehvilainen-Julkunen K, Cartwright R, Gissler M, Heinonen S. A prior cesarean section and incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injury. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24(8):1331-9.
10. Hehir M, Fitzpatrick M, Cassidy M, Murphy M, O’Herlihy C. Are women having a vaginal birth after a previous caesarean delivery at increased risk of anal sphincter injury? BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2014;121(12):1515-20.
11. Richter HE, Brumfield CG, Cliver SP, Burgio KL, Neely CL, Varner RE. Risk factors associated with anal sphincter tear: a comparison of primiparous patients, vaginal births after cesarean deliveries, and patients with previous vaginal delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;187(5):1194-8.
12. Boatin AA, Cullinane F, Torloni MR, Betrán AP. Audit and feedback using the Robson classification to reduce caesarean section rates: a systematic review. Bjog. 2018;125(1):36-42.
13. Sandall J, Tribe RM, Avery L, Mola G, Visser GH, Homer CS, et al. Short-term and long-term effects of caesarean section on the health of women and children. Lancet. 2018;392(10155):1349-57.
14. Ornaghi S, Maraschini A, Donati S. Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women with placenta accreta spectrum in Italy: A prospective population-based cohort study. PLoS One. 2021;16(6):e0252654.
15. Elvander C, Ahlberg M, Edqvist M, Stephansson O. Severe perineal trauma among women undergoing vaginal birth after cesarean delivery: A population-based cohort study. Birth. 2019;46(2):379-86.
16. Jardine JE, Knight HE, Carroll FE, Gurol-Urganci I. Risk of obstetric anal sphincter injury in women having a vaginal birth after a previous caesarean section: A population-based cohort study. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2019;236:7-13.
17. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Birth After Previous Caesarean Birth. Green-top Guideline No 45. 2015.
18. Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Birth after previous caesarean section. 2019.
19. Flood M, Pollock W, McDonald SJ, Davey MA. Accuracy of postpartum haemorrhage data in the 2011 Victorian Perinatal Data Collection: Results of a validation study. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;58(2):210-6.
20. Flood MM, McDonald SJ, Pollock WE, Davey MA. Data accuracy in the Victorian Perinatal Data Collection: Results of a validation study of 2011 data. Health Inf Manag. 2017;46(3):113-26.
21. Davey MA, Sloan ML, Palma S, Riley M, King J. Methodological processes in validating and analysing the quality of population-based data: a case study using the Victorian Perinatal Data Collection. Health Inf Manag. 2013;42(3):12-9.
22. Dahlen HG, Ryan M, Homer CS, Cooke M. An Australian prospective cohort study of risk factors for severe perineal trauma during childbirth. Midwifery. 2007;23(2):196-203.
23. Baghestan E, Irgens LM, Børdahl PE, Rasmussen S. Trends in Risk Factors for Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries in Norway. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2010;116(1):25-34.
24. Jha S, Parker V. Risk factors for recurrent obstetric anal sphincter injury (rOASI): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urogynecol J. 2016;27(6):849-57.
25. Sideris M, McCaughey T, Hanrahan JG, Arroyo-Manzano D, Zamora J, Jha S, et al. Risk of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) and anal incontinence: A meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2020;252:303-12.
26. Smith LA, Price N, Simonite V, Burns EE. Incidence of and risk factors for perineal trauma: a prospective observational study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013;13:59.
27. Luchristt D, Brown O, Pidaparti M, Kenton K, Lewicky-Gaupp C, Miller ES. Predicting obstetrical anal sphincter injuries in patients who undergo vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021.
28. Kapoor DS, Thakar R, Sultan AH. Obstetric anal sphincter injuries: review of anatomical factors and modifiable second stage interventions. Int Urogynecol J. 2015;26(12):1725-34.
29. RCOG. The management of third- and fourth-degree perineal tears [Green-top Guideline No. 29]. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists; 2015.
30. Verghese TS, Champaneria R, Kapoor DS, Latthe PM. Obstetric anal sphincter injuries after episiotomy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urogynecol J. 2016;27(10):1459-67.
31. Sultan AH, Thakar R, Ismail KM, Kalis V, Laine K, Raisanen SH, et al. The role of mediolateral episiotomy during operative vaginal delivery. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2019;240:192-6.
32. Garmi G, Peretz H, Braverman M, Berkovich I, Molnar R, Salim R. Risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter injury: To prolong or to vacuum? Midwifery. 2016;34:178-82.
33. Deering SH, Carlson N, Stitely M, Allaire AD, Satin AJ. Perineal body length and lacerations at delivery. J Reprod Med. 2004;49(4):306-10.
34. Mankuta DD, Leshno MM, Menasche MM, Brezis MM. Vaginal birth after cesarean section: trial of labor or repeat cesarean section? A decision analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189(3):714-9.
35. Garretto D, Lin BB, Syn HL, Judge N, Beckerman K, Atallah F, et al. Obesity May Be Protective against Severe Perineal Lacerations. Journal of Obesity. 2016;2016:9376592.
36. Blomberg M. Maternal Body Mass Index and Risk of Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury. BioMed Research International. 2014;2014:395803.
37. Pergialiotis V, Vlachos D, Protopapas A, Pappa K, Vlachos G. Risk factors for severe perineal lacerations during childbirth. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2014;125(1):6-14.
38. Loewenberg-Weisband Y, Grisaru-Granovsky S, Ioscovich A, Samueloff A, Calderon-Margalit R. Epidural analgesia and severe perineal tears: a literature review and large cohort study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014;27(18):1864-9.
39. Gurol-Urganci I, Bidwell P, Sevdalis N, Silverton L, Novis V, Freeman R, et al. Impact of a quality improvement project to reduce the rate of obstetric anal sphincter injury: a multicentre study with a stepped-wedge design. BJOG. 2021;128(3):584-92.
40. Safer Care Victoria. Better births for women collaborative. 2021.
41. Regan J, Thompson A, DeFranco E. The influence of mode of delivery on breastfeeding initiation in women with a prior cesarean delivery: a population-based study. Breastfeed Med. 2013;8:181-6.
42. Meddings F, Phipps FM, Haith-Cooper M, Haigh J. Vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC): exploring women’s perceptions. J Clin Nurs. 2007;16(1):160-7.
43. Dodd JM, Crowther CA. Risks and morbidity associated with previous cesarean section. Womens Health (Lond). 2007;3(1):55-61.
44. Tulandi T, Agdi M, Zarei A, Miner L, Sikirica V. Adhesion development and morbidity after repeat cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;201(1):56 e1-6.