Variable Total thoracoscopic AVR upper mini-sternotomy AVR conventional AVR Value
CPB (min) 128.89±28.24 102.88±29.76 99.29±39.04 0.001
AC (min) 99.39±29.08 76.05±22.57 71.01±32.9 0.001
Postoperative chest drainage in the first 24 h (ML) 172.22±56.35 261.16±104.6 368.11±147.97 <0.001
ICU stay 1.46±0.27 1.93±0.44 2.18±1.36 0.016
Hospital stay (D) 11.78±1.26 13.05±1.43 13.81±1.85 <0.001
Mechanical ventilation length (H) 11.8±3.84 13.65±7.75 14.02±5.86 0.138
VAS 2.33±0.49 2.58±0.54 3.28±0.52 <0.001
Valve size 22.67±1.03 23.18±1.79 23.07±1.64 0.169