Variable Total thoracoscopic AVR upper mini-sternotomy AVR conventional AVR
Hospital mortality, n (%) 0 0 0
Serious complications 0 0 0
Secondary thoracotomy 0 0 0
Respiratory failure, n (%) 0 0 0
IABP implantation 0 0 2
Delayed extubation 0 0 2
Secondary intubation 0 0 0
Dialysis for Renal Failure 0 0 2
Pleural effusion 0 0 0
Pneumothorax 0 0 0
Cerebral infarction 0 0 1
Cerebral hemorrhage 0 0 0
Pulmonary Infection 0 0 0
Poor healing of incision 0 0 2
Sternal dehiscence 0 0 0
Perivalvular leakage 1 0 1
Readmission 0 0 0