Fig. 3. Determinants of the dispersal-range size relationship. Outcomes of the global model (a) and models for animals (b) and plants (c) examining the effect of 19 variables (moderators) on the dispersal-range size relationship across 83 studies and 478 relationships. We show the inferred effect size of standardize predictor variables that remained significant in the final GLMM models (or GLM for plants). Reference levels for the categorical variables are in (a) multiple latitudes (for latitude, i.e. vs. tropical, subtropical, temperature) and class (for taxonomic breadth, i.e. vs. family, genus, order, phylum/division); in (b) area for range size measurement (vs. units/categories/linear/percentage) and ectotherm for temperature regulation (vs. endotherm); and in (c) family for taxonomic breadth (vs. family, class, division). Standard errors around the mean estimates and significance level (* <0.01, ** <0.001, *** <0.0001) of the effect are indicated. n. = ‘number of’.