Criteria for considering studies
Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were considered for inclusion,
either blinded or open trial designs. Studies were with no language
restrictions. The study population comprised children aged 0-18 years
with IMCMA. IMCMA should be confirmed by either: 1) a history of
immediate clinical reaction and one of a positive skin-prick test (SPT)
or specific IgE to cow’s milk protein, or 2) a positive open or
double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC). The positive
reactions include urticaria, angioedema, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal
pain, lightheadedness, and/or syncope. We divided patients into 2
groups: a control or placebo group, which was treated with a
milk-avoidance diet or placebo, and an active group, in which children
received milk OIT. Milk OIT administered by any protocol and OIT with
other adjuvant treatments were included. a subgroup analysis was
conducted if possible. Patients with non-IgE-mediated CMA were excluded.
Studies of other immunotherapies such as sublingual immunotherapy(SLIT),
subcutaneous immunotherapy(SCIT), epicutaneous immunotherapy(EPIT) were
all excluded.