Methods
To answer the research question, the authors have distributed an online
survey to all students enrolled in the online programs at a Midwestern
university during the fall semester of 2018. The survey instrument was
based on an updated version of TOOLS, which is Test of Online Learning
Success (Kerr, Rynearson, & Kerr, 2006). Participants in this survey
included both current and former students at the graduate and
undergraduate levels who have enrolled in at least one online course
between 2015 and 2018. The survey was distributed by email on via
Qualtrics once approval from the office of institutional review board
was granted. Of the total 4,015 possible participants who were contacted
to complete the survey, 250 responses were recorded, thus providing a
response rate of 6.23 %. Response data was initially analyzed using
Qualtrics and SPSS to produce the findings discussed in this study.