Age, years (mean ± standard deviation) |
Age, years (mean ± standard
deviation) |
69.6 ± 9.5 |
69.6 ± 9.5 |
68.5 ± 11.3 |
68.5 ± 11.3 |
0.62 |
0.62 |
Sex, male; n (%) |
Sex, male; n (%) |
33 (63.5) |
33 (63.5) |
15
(39.5) |
15 (39.5) |
0.02* |
0.02* |
Smokers, n (%) |
Smokers, n (%) |
13 (25.0) |
13 (25.0) |
11 (28.9) |
11 (28.9) |
0.68 |
0.68 |
NYHA class, n (%) |
NYHA class, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class 1 |
Class 1 |
22 (46.8) |
22 (46.8) |
16 (47.1) |
16 (47.1) |
0.46 |
0.46 |
Class 2 |
Class 2 |
13 (27.7) |
13 (27.7) |
12 (35.3) |
12 (35.3) |
|
|
Class 3 |
Class 3 |
9 (19.1) |
9 (19.1) |
6 (17.6) |
6 (17.6) |
|
|
Class 4 |
Class 4 |
3 (6.4) |
3 (6.4) |
0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
|
|
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) |
14 (26.9) |
14
(26.9) |
9 (23.7) |
9 (23.7) |
0.73 |
0.73 |
Hypertension, n (%) |
Hypertension, n (%) |
26 (50.0) |
26 (50.0) |
24
(63.2) |
24 (63.2) |
0.22 |
0.22 |
Myocardial infarction, n (%) |
Myocardial infarction, n (%) |
3 (5.8) |
3 (5.8) |
3 (7.9) |
3 (7.9) |
0.69 |
0.69 |
Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) |
Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) |
26 (51.0) |
26 (51.0) |
18 (48.6) |
18 (48.6) |
0.83 |
0.83 |
Coronary artery disease, n (%) |
Coronary artery disease, n (%) |
15
(29.4) |
15 (29.4) |
10 (26.3) |
10 (26.3) |
0.75 |
0.75 |
Aspirin, n (%) |
Aspirin, n (%) |
26 (50.0) |
26 (50.0) |
20 (52.6) |
20 (52.6) |
0.81 |
0.81 |
Clopidogrel, n (%) |
Clopidogrel, n (%) |
9 (17.3) |
9 (17.3) |
14
(36.8) |
14 (36.8) |
0.04* |
0.04* |
Warfarin, n (%) |
Warfarin, n (%) |
35 (67.3) |
35 (67.3) |
19 (50.0) |
19 (50.0) |
0.10 |
0.10 |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, n (%) |
Angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitor, n (%) |
1 (1.9) |
1 (1.9) |
2 (5.4) |
2 (5.4) |
0.57 |
0.57 |
Angiotensin receptor blocker, n (%) |
Angiotensin receptor blocker, n
(%) |
15 (28.8) |
15 (28.8) |
18 (47.4) |
18 (47.4) |
0.07 |
0.07 |
Diuretics, n (%) |
Diuretics, n (%) |
26 (50.0) |
26 (50.0) |
21
(55.3) |
21 (55.3) |
0.62 |
0.62 |
Digitalis, n (%) |
Digitalis, n (%) |
22 (42.3) |
22 (42.3) |
14
(36.8) |
14 (36.8) |
0.60 |
0.60 |
Beta-blocker, n (%) |
Beta-blocker, n (%) |
28 (53.8) |
28 (53.8) |
21
(55.3) |
21 (55.3) |
0.89 |
0.89 |
Calcium channel blocker, n (%) |
Calcium channel blocker, n (%) |
22
(42.3) |
22 (42.3) |
11 (28.9) |
11 (28.9) |
0.19 |
0.19 |
Heart rate (beats/minute) |
82.5 ± 18.5 |
82.5 ± 18.5 |
82.9 ± 28.0 |
82.9 ± 28.0 |
0.95 |
0.95 |
|
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
125.2 ± 18.9 |
125.2 ± 18.9 |
120.9 ±
18.3 |
120.9 ± 18.3 |
0.28 |
0.28 |
|
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
78.1 ± 11.9 |
78.1 ± 11.9 |
75.0 ±
12.9 |
75.0 ± 12.9 |
0.23 |
0.23 |
|
CHA2DS-VASc score |
2.38 ± 0.11 |
2.38 ± 0.11 |
2.33 ±
0.13 |
2.33 ± 0.13 |
0.11 |
0.11 |
|
High-sensitivity CRP level (mg/dl) |
0.7 ± 1.6 |
0.7 ± 1.6 |
1.3 ± 3.1 |
1.3 ± 3.1 |
0.25 |
0.25 |
|
Creatinine level (mg/dl) |
1.0 ± 0.9 |
1.0 ± 0.9 |
1.1 ± 1.0 |
1.1 ± 1.0 |
0.30 |
0.30 |
|
BNP level (pg/ml) |
380.9 ± 676.9 |
380.9 ± 676.9 |
409.4 ± 301.6 |
409.4 ± 301.6 |
0.82 |
0.82 |
|
Minimal left ventricular pressure (mmHg) |
8.0 ± 2.7 |
8.0 ± 2.7 |
13.9
± 4.9 |
13.9 ± 4.9 |
<0.01** |
<0.01** |
|
LVEDP (mmHg) |
11.7 ± 2.4 |
11.7 ± 2.4 |
19.2 ± 3.1 |
19.2 ± 3.1 |
<0.01** |
<0.01** |
|
Echocardiographic findings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EF (%) |
61.4 ± 4.5 |
61.4 ± 4.5 |
60.2 ± 6.1 |
60.2 ± 6.1 |
0.30 |
0.30 |
|
E |
86.4 ± 18.6 |
86.4 ± 18.6 |
106.5 ± 27.1 |
106.5 ± 27.1 |
<0.01** |
<0.01** |
|
DT (m/sec) |
169.8 ± 32.4 |
169.8 ± 32.4 |
165.3 ± 36.2 |
165.3 ± 36.2 |
0.54 |
0.54 |
|
e’ |
7.3 ± 2.2 |
7.3 ± 2.2 |
6.7 ± 1.5 |
6.7 ± 1.5 |
0.18 |
0.18 |
|
E/e’ |
12.5 ± 4.5 |
12.5 ± 4.5 |
16.6 ± 5.6 |
16.6 ± 5.6 |
<0.01** |
<0.01** |
|
Vp (m/s) |
62.2 ± 15.5 |
62.2 ± 15.5 |
52.5 ± 14.6 |
52.5 ± 14.6 |
0.20 |
0.20 |
|
E/Vp |
1.5 ± 0.05 |
1.5 ± 0.05 |
2.3 ± 0.9 |
2.3 ± 0.9 |
<0.01** |
<0.01** |
|
LAVI (ml/m2) |
38.3 ± 12.0 |
38.3 ± 12.0 |
49.8 ± 20.2 |
49.8 ± 20.2 |
<0.01** |
<0.01** |
|
LVMI (gm/m2) |
92.0 ± 25.5 |
92.0 ± 25.5 |
101.7 ±
32.3 |
101.7 ± 32.3 |
0.12 |
0.12 |
|
RWT |
0.3 ± 0.1 |
0.3 ± 0.1 |
0.3 ± 0.1 |
0.3 ± 0.1 |
0.82 |
0.82 |
|
PAP (mmHg) |
31.6 ± 9.2 |
31.6 ± 9.2 |
37.2 ± 12.5 |
37.2 ± 12.5 |
0.02* |
0.02* |
|
LVEDD (mm) |
50.4 ± 4.6 |
50.4 ± 4.6 |
52.3 ± 5.2 |
52.3 ± 5.2 |
0.07 |
0.07 |
|
LVESD (mm) |
33.7 ± 3.6 |
33.7 ± 3.6 |
35.4 ± 4.9 |
35.4 ± 4.9 |
0.06 |
0.06 |
|
IVS (mm) |
8.6 ± 1.8 |
8.6 ± 1.8 |
8.7 ± 2.2 |
8.7 ± 2.2 |
0.93 |
0.93 |
|
LVPW (mm) |
8.4 ± 1.2 |
8.4 ± 1.2 |
8.7 ± 1.8 |
8.7 ± 1.8 |
0.31 |
0.31 |
|