Descriptive clinical characteristics of the participants
The baseline clinical characteristics of the 114 patients enrolled in this studyare presented in Table 1. The REF and PEF groups showed no significant differences in terms of sex, age, the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, a history of myocardial infarction (MI), and the presence of CAD (Table 1). Baseline laboratory, haemodynamic, and echocardiographic data for all patients are presented in Table 1. There were no significant differences in laboratory and haemodynamic data, including LVEDP, between the REF and PEF groups. However, EF during the index admission was 37.8% ± 9.2% in the REF group and 60.9% ± 5.2% in the PEF group, with a significant difference between groups (p<0.01). With regard to echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function,EF, E/e’, and E/Vp (p<0.01 for all) were significantly worse in the REF group than in the PEF group, whereas the left atrial volume index (LAVI)showed no significant difference between groups (Table 1). With regard to the baseline clinical characteristics of patients in the two LVEDP subgroups in the PEF group, no significant differences were observed in terms of sex, age, the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, a history of MI, and the presence of CAD (Table 2). Baseline laboratory, haemodynamic, and echocardiographic data for the LVEDP > 15 mmHg and LVEDP ≤ 15 mmHg subgroups are shown in Table 2. LAVI, E/e,’ and E/Vp were significantly worse in the former group than in the latter group (p<0.01 for all).