Age, years (mean ± standard deviation) |
69.13 ± 10.7 |
69.11 ± 10.3 |
0.99 |
Sex, male; n (%) |
15 (62.5) |
48 (53.3) |
0.42 |
Smokers, n (%) |
8 (33.3) |
24 (26.7) |
0.52 |
NYHA class, n (%) |
|
|
0.10 |
Class 1 |
7 (29.2) |
38 (46.9) |
|
Class 2 |
9 (37.5) |
25 (30.9) |
|
Class 3 |
4 (16.7) |
15 (18.5) |
|
Class 4 |
4 (16.7) |
3 (3.7) |
|
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) |
4 (16.7) |
23 (25.6) |
0.36 |
Hypertension, n (%) |
9 (37.5) |
50 (55.6) |
0.12 |
Myocardial infarction, n (%) |
4 (16.7) |
6 (6.7) |
0.21 |
Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) |
18 (75) |
44 (50) |
0.03 |
Coronary artery disease, n (%) |
10 (41.7) |
25 (28.1) |
0.20 |
Aspirin, n (%) |
16 (66.7) |
46 (51.1) |
0.17 |
Clopidogrel, n (%) |
7 (29.2) |
23 (25.6) |
0.72 |
Warfarin, n (%) |
13 (54.2) |
54 (60.0) |
0.61 |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, n (%) |
2 (8.3) |
3 (3.4) |
0.29 |
Angiotensin receptor blocker, n (%) |
12 (50.0) |
33 (36.7) |
0.24 |
Diuretics, n (%) |
17 (70.8) |
47 (52.2) |
0.10 |
Digitalis, n (%) |
12 (50.0) |
36 (40.0) |
0.38 |
Beta-blocker, n (%) |
15 (62.5) |
49 (54.4) |
0.48 |
Calcium channel blocker, n (%) |
10 (41.7) |
33 (36.7) |
0.65 |
Heart rate (beats/minute) |
89.0 ± 22.1 |
82.7 ± 22.8 |
0.23 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
122.8 ± 21.0 |
123.4 ± 18.6 |
0.90 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
76.4 ± 12.4 |
76.8 ± 12.4 |
0.90 |
CHA2DS2-VASc score |
2.18 ± 0.15 |
2.35
± 0.11 |
0.12 |
High-sensitivity CRP level (mg/dl) |
1.0 ± 1.4 |
1.0 ± 2.3 |
0.96 |
Creatinine level (mg/dl) |
1.2 ± 1.1 |
1.1 ± 1.0 |
0.30 |
BNP level (pg/ml) |
1170.3 ± 393.0 |
393.0 ± 547.0 |
0.04* |
Minimal left ventricular pressure (mmHg) |
12.0 ± 5.0 |
10.5 ± 4.7 |
0.17 |
LVEDP (mmHg) |
17.3 ± 7.9 |
14.9 ± 4.6 |
0.17 |
Echocardiographic data |
|
|
|
EF (%) |
37.8 ± 9.2 |
60.9 ± 5.2 |
<0.01** |
E |
92.6 ± 21.1 |
95.0 ± 24.6 |
0.67 |
DT (m/sec) |
151.1 ± 41.2 |
167.9 ± 33.9 |
0.04* |
e’ |
5.4 ± 1.5 |
7.0 ± 1.9 |
<0.01** |
E/e’ |
18.3 ± 5.8 |
14.3 ± 5.4 |
<0.01** |
Vp (m/s) |
39.3 ± 7.8 |
58.2 ± 15.7 |
<0.01** |
E/Vp |
2.4 ± 0.4 |
1.8 ± 0.8 |
<0.01** |
LAVI (ml/m2) |
49.0 ± 24.1 |
43.2 ± 16.9 |
0.18 |
LVMI (gm/m2) |
125.2 ± 49.8 |
96.2 ± 28.9 |
0.01* |
RWT |
0.3 ± 0.1 |
0.3 ± 0.1 |
0.39 |
PAP (mmHg) |
39.2 ± 14.1 |
34.0 ± 11.1 |
0.11 |
LVEDD (mm) |
56.9 ± 7.7 |
51.2 ± 5.0 |
<0.01** |
LVESD (mm) |
46.5 ± 8.1 |
34.4 ± 4.3 |
<0.01** |
IVS (mm) |
9.1 ± 2.1 |
8.6 ± 2.0 |
0.29 |
LVPW (mm) |
8.7 ± 2.2 |
8.6 ± 1.5 |
0.73 |