6. Conclusion

In conclusion, vancomycin TDM is essential in order to achieve optimum clinical response with minimal unwanted adverse reactions associated with vancomycin over-dose exposure. Different pharmacokinetic parameters have been considered for the purposes of vancomycin TDM establishment. The most common approaches are AUC-guided TDM and trough concentration-guided TDM. According to the results of many studies noted in the present review, it seems that AUC-guided TDM could be associated with lower risk of vancomycin associated AKI. Also, due to the altered pharmacokinetic parameters in patients with special conditions including renal failure, hepatic failure, cancer, organ transplantation, obesity, pregnancy, lactation, burn injuries, critically ill patients, etc. individualized dosing regimen is required to guarantee the optimum therapeutic results and minimize severe adverse reactions such as AKI.