Results
A total of 374 patients who met the study criteria were included in the
study. The number of patients in group-1 consisting of patients with no
mortality was 148 (39.5%), and the number of patients in group-2
consisting of patients with mortality was 226 (60.4%). The mean age of
patients without mortality was 70 (min: 20-max: 93) years, and the mean
age of patients who died was 70 (min: 20-max: 92) years, and this
difference was not statistically significant (p=0.001). When we took the
65-age value as the cut-off value and grouped it according to the
cut-off value, it was seen that 82 (55.4%) of the patients without
mortality and 152 (67.3%) of the patients who died were over 65 years
old. In the group of patients without mortality, 84 (56.8%) of the
patients were male, 64 (43.2%) were female, and in the mortality group,
127 (56.2%) were male, and 99 (43.8%) were female. No significant
difference was found between the groups in terms of gender. When we
grouped the patients according to their ethnic origins, in the group
without mortality, 136 (91.9%) were Turkish, 12 (8.1%) were Syrian,
and in the mortality group, 199 (88.1%) were Turkish, and 27 (11.9%)
were Syrian. Computed tomography (CT) revealed typical involvement in
all patients. When we grouped the patients according to PCR results,
there were 75 PCR Negative patients (50.7%), PCR Positive 73 patients
(49.3%) in the group without mortality, 98 PCR Negative patients
(43.4%), and 128 PCR Positive patients (56.6%) in the mortality group.
When the patients were evaluated according to their intubation status,
it was seen that 138 patients (93.2%) in the group without mortality
did not need intubation, and 10 (6.8%) patients were intubated. In the
mortality group, 18 (8%) patients did not need intubation, while 208
(92%) patients were intubated, and the difference was statistically
significant (p<0.001). In the mortality group, the mean
intubation day was the 2nd day (min:0-max:48), the
mean intubation time was 7 (min:0-max:65) days, the difference was
statistically significant (p<0.001). When the patients were
examined according to their comorbidities, in Group-1, 61 patients
(41.2%) had hypertension (HT), 30 patients (20.3%) diabetes mellitus
(DM), 50 patients (33.8%) cardiac disease, 44 patients (29.7%)
pulmonary disease. Twenty-nine patients (19.6%) had a neurological
disease, and seven patients (4.7%) had chronic renal failure (CKD). In
Group-2, HT was present in 116 patients (51.3%), DM in 60 patients
(26.5%), cardiac disease in 80 patients (35.4%), pulmonary disease in
62 patients (27.4%), neurological disease in 43 patients (19%), and
CRF in 16 patients (7.1%), and the difference was not statistically
significant.
When the laboratory values of both groups were examined during the
intensive care unit admission, in Group-1, WBC was 11.7 (3.26-34.4),
Rbc4.8 (2.6-5.9), Hb 12.87±2.06, Htc (%) 38.82±5.85, Neutrophil 9.9 (
2-27.1), Lymphocyte 1.1 (0.1-12.5), Monocyte 0.5 (0-2.1), Platelet 290
(59-703), RDW 13.8 (11.7-22), MPV 10.6 (8.6-13.7), Procalcitonin 0.2
(0.02- 23), Ferritin 588 (17-16946), NLR 7.42 (0.76-100), PLR 240
(26.82-2500), CRP 94 (2-338), Total Bilirubin 0.5 (0.1-20), Direct
bilirubin 0.1 (0- 19), AST 34 (11-2213), ALT 24 (7-1697), Albumin
3.33±0.44, BUN 47 (18-193), Creatinine 0.95 (0.3-9.4), D-dimer 0.8
(0.15-9.6), Troponin 14 (3-3355), LDH 367 (130-4431), Fibrinogen
491.24±177.15, Na 137 (127-176), K 4.4±0.75, Ca 8.5 (7.3-9.5), Ph 7.43
(6.9-7.51), PO2 was 47 (17-171), PCO2 35 (14-92), Lactate 1.7 (0.83-20),
INR 1.1 (0.8-2.7). In Group-2, WBC was 11.6 (0.02-34.64), Rbc4.4
(2.3-6.5), Hb 12.52±2.12, Htc (%) 37.97±6.7, Neutrophil 9.6 (0.4-32.2),
Lymphocyte 0.8 (0.2-9.7) , Monocyte 0.45 (0-11), Platelet 219 (20-552),
RDW 14.1 (11.8-20.2), MPV 10.9 (8.4-14.3), Procalcitonin 0.24 (0.04-29),
Ferritin 743 (21-38486), NLR 5 (0.76-18.4), PLR 125.2 (43.8-545), CRP
120 (0.92-435), Total Bilirubin 0.4 (0.1-7.9), Direct bilirubin 0.2
(0-7.4), AST 43 (10-1243), ALT 26 (5-717), Albumin 3.18±0.53, BUN 54
(12-311), Creatinine 1.1 (0.17-6.4), D-dimer 1.8 (0.2-11.1), Troponin 28
(3-1421), LDH 497 (172) -1918), Fibrinogen 487.68±191.27, Na 138
(125-171), K 4.32±0.91, Ca 8.4 (4.5-10.1), Ph 7.38 (6.9-7.56), PO2 39
(11-181), PCO2 36 (20 -95), Lactate 2.3 (0.7-21), INR 1.1 (0.93-9.9). In
the mortality group, procalcitonin, CRP, BUN, D-dimer, troponin, LDH,
lactate and INR values were higher, albumin value was lower, and this
difference was found to be statistically significant
(p<0.001). When the hospitalization day was evaluated, it was
7 (2-30) days in group-1 and 12 (1-68) days in group-2, the difference
was not statistically significant. The demographic, clinical and
laboratory characteristics of the patients are summarized in Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and laboratory parameters that were
statistically significant between the two groups in the univariant
analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis.
In the logistic regression analysis, PLT (OR= 0.992, 95% CI=
0.987-0.996, p=0.000) and D-dimer (OR= 1.230, 95% CI= 1.015-1.491,
p=0.035) were found to be independent variables for mortality. (Table
2). D-dimer cut-off value in predicting mortality in the ROC curve
analysis of these independent variables: 1.05 (AUC: 0.670, %95Cl:
0.612-0.728, p: <0.001), sensitivity was 68.8%, specificity
was 56.7%. AUC for platelets: 0.594, %95Cl: 0.536-0.652, p:0.002
(Figure 1).