CK, control, flat-planting without ridges and mulching; Cm, cornstalk mulching without ridges; Vr, ridging without mulching; Hr, horizontal ridging without mulching; Vr+Cm, vertical ridging with mulching; Hr+Cm, horizontal ridging with mulching; NA, Hr+Cm-treated plots prevented runoff throughout the rainfall experiment.

Values in the same column followed by different letters are significantly different at P <0.05 according to the LSD test.

Table 4

Splash-detachment and splash-transport under different tillage practices.