FIGURE 1 Morphological characteristics of the natural hybrids and their parents. (a) – (c) Natural distribution of hybrids. (a) hybrid RH1 (arrowed). (b) hybrid RH2 (arrowed). (c) hybrid RH1 (arrowed). (d) – (g) Leaves of hybrids and parents. (d) R. turczaninovi i (arrowed). (e) R. stricta(arrowed). (f) hybrid RH1 (arrowed). G: hybrid RH2 (arrowed). (h) – (k) Stem segments of hybrids and parents. (h) R. turczaninovi i (arrowed). (i) R. stricta (arrowed). (j) hybrid RH1 (arrowed). K: hybrid RH2 (arrowed). (l) – (o) Basal leaves of hybrids and parents. (l) R. turczaninovi i (arrowed). (m) R. stricta (arrowed). (n) hybrid RH1 (arrowed). O: hybrid RH2 (arrowed).

FIGURE 2 Morphological analysis of hybrids RH1, hybrids RH2,R. stricta and R. turczaninovii . (a) Plant height. (b) Number of tillers. (c) Length of flag leaf. (d) Width of flag leaf. (e) Length of top second leaf. (f) Width of top second leaf. (g) Length of spike. (h) Number of florets. (i) Length of awn. Note: Different letter shows the significance of difference of ANOVA.

FIGURE 4 Karyotype analysis of hybrids RH1, hybrids RH2,R. stricta and R. turczaninovii. (a) R. turczaninovii . (b) R. stricta . (c) RH1-13. (b) RH2-10.

FIGURE 5 Meiotic associations in PMCs of the parental species and hybrids. (a) and (b) R. turczaninovii with 14 II. (c)R. stricta with 14 II. (d) RH1-15 with 14 II (12 ring + 2 rod). (e) RH1-7 with 13 II (9 ring + 8 rod) + 2 I. (f) RH2-38 lagging chromosomes. (g) RH2-29 with 14 II (12 ring and 2 rod). (h) RH2-11 with 13 II (11 ring and 2 rod) + 2 I. (i) RH2-11 chromosome bridge.

FIGURE 6 Analysis of FISH and GISH in R. stricta andR. turczaninovii . (a) and (b) R. stricta . (c) – (f)R. turczaninovii . (a), (c) and (e) Used St₂–80 as probe (red), 14 chromosomes were labeled as St type (arrowed) and 14 chromosomes were labeled as non-St type. (b), (d) and (f) With total genomic DNA of R. ciliaris (StY genome) was labeled with Texas-red-5-dCTP (red) as probe, 28 chromosomes were labeled as red fluorescent signals.

FIGURE 7 Analysis of FISH and GISH in hybrids. (a) and (b) RH1-11. (c) and (d) RH2-12. E and F RH2-15. (a), (c) and (e) Using St₂–80 as probe (green), 14 chromosomes were labeled as St type (arrowed) and 14 chromosomes were labeled as non-St type. (b), (d) and (f) With total genomic DNA of R. ciliaris (StY genome) was labeled with fluorescein-12-dUTP (green) as probe, 28 chromosomes were labeled as green fluorescent signals.

FIGURE 8 Phylogenetic tree based on DMC 1 sequences of hybrids using ML. Numbers with bold above nodes are bootstrap values, and numbers below nodes are Bayesian posterior probability values.

FIGURE 9 Phylogenetic tree based on rps 16 sequences of hybrids using ML. Numbers with bold above nodes are bootstrap values, and numbers below nodes are Bayesian posterior probability values.