3. Electrochemical Biosensors for characteization ofBrucella spp
Other potential tools to identify pathogenic bacteria are
electrochemical detection methods
(Velusamy, Arshak, Korostynska, Oliwa, &
Adley, 2010). In this case, the bio-interaction process over the
transducer generates the electrochemical signals, which is measured by
the detector and analyzed with data analyzer
(Gattani, Singh, Agrawal, Khan, & Singh,
2019). Electrochemical biosensors can be classified into amperometric,
potentiometric, impedimetric, voltammetric, and conductometric ones
(Velusamy et al., 2010).
Electrochemical biosensors are classified into two label-dependent and
label-free types based on the detection strategy. Label dependent
electrochemical biosensors use the biological molecules such as enzymes,
antibodies, metal nanoparticles, conductive polymers, etc. to induce a
measurable electrical impulse. While the label free sensors are those
that work on the basis of immobilization of the target analyte using a
bio-receptor electrode and estimation in the changes of capacitance and
resistance over the electrode surface
(Gattani et al., 2019). A comparison of
limit of detection (LOD) for the traditional methods with some
biosenosrs is presented in Table 1. Electrochemical and optical methods
are
the most broadly utilized strategies in the development ofBrucella biosensors. Consequently, biosensors can be considered
as simple and inexpensive diagnostic tools with a comparable or even
better detection limits compared to the traditional methods
(Abbaspour, Norouz-Sarvestani, Noori, &
Soltani, 2015; Sattarahmady et al.,
2015).