Procedural outcomes
The procedural data are presented in Table 2. Successful PVI was achieved in all enrolled patients. The average total procedure and LA indwelling times were 78.9±13.9 min and 60.4±13 min, respectively. The mean ablation and fluoroscopy times were 27.7±9.4 min and 3.3±3.5 min, respectively. In the ACT group, the mean ACT at 30-min after the initial bolus administration of heparin (100 U/kg) was 335.2±59.9 s, and additional heparin injection was performed in 31 patients (33%). There were no significant differences in the total procedure time, LA indwelling time, ablation time, fluoroscopy time, and initial heparin dose between two groups, except for the total heparin dose (p < 0.001). Figure 2 shows the mean heparin dose and mean ACT between patients taking rivaroxaban and those taking edoxaban in the ACT group. The mean ACT of patients taking rivaroxaban was significantly lower than that of patients taking edoxaban (316.9±46.0 s vs. 353.1±66.6 s, p=0.003); nonetheless, the initial heparin dose was significantly higher in patients taking rivaroxaban (p <0.001).