Mohamed S. Abdelhamed1,2,3, Mohamed E. Elshamy1, Howard S. Wheater1,2,4,5, Saman Razavi1,2,4
1Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
2 Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
3 Department of Irrigation and Hydraulics Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
4 School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
5 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
Corresponding author: Mohamed S. Abdelhamed, Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, National Hydrology Research Centre, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3H5, Canada. Email: Mohamed.abdelhamed@usask.ca
Running Title: Initialization and Uncertainty of Permafrost Simulations
Keywords: Permafrost, Initialization, Land Surface Models, Spin-up, Uncertainty, Liard River