Methods

The model

We use an eco-physiological process-based growth model for submerged macrophytes named Macrophytes Growth Model (MGM). It is based (Figure 1a) on the model Charisma 2.0 (van Nes et al., 2003), which in turn builds on the model Megaplant (Scheffer et al., 1993). The MGM is a re-implemented and simplified version of Charisma 2.0 written in the programming language julia (Bezanson et al., 2017) for faster performance.