Characteristic Characteristic Normal HbA1c at 1 year PP (n=132) Abnormal HbA1c at 1yr PP (n=71) Total (n=203)
Median (IQR) Median (IQR) Median (IQR)
Demographic and clinical characteristics Maternal age (years) 32 (29, 36) 32 (29, 35) 32 (29, 35)
Gravidity 2 (1.5, 3) 3 (2, 4) 2 (2, 4)
Gestational age at first prenatal visit 9 (8, 11) 9 (8, 12) 9 (8, 12)
Gestational age at delivery 39 (38, 39) 38 (37, 39) 39 (38, 39)
n (%) n (%) n (%)
Education Less than secondary 11 (8.5%) 6 (8.7%) 17 (8.5%)
Secondary or higher 119 (91.5%) 63 (91.3%) 182 (91.5%)
Race White 75 (56.8%) 23 (32.4%) 98 (48.3%)
Non-Hispanic Black 14 (10.6%) 7 (9.9%) 21 (10.3%)
Hispanic 28 (21.2%) 34 (47.9%) 62 (30.5%)
Other 15 (11.4%) 7 (9.9%) 22 (10.8%)
LGA neonate No 7 (5.3%) 6 (8.5%) 13 (6.4%)
Yes 125 (94.7%) 65 (91.6%) 190 (93.6%)
Family History of DM No 58 (52.3%) 22 (36.1%) 80 (46.5%)
Yes 53 (47.8%) 39 (63.9%) 92 (53.5%)
Previous GDM Gravidity = 1 33 (25.0%) 13 (18.3%) 46 (22.7%)
Gravidity > 1, no previous GDM 76 (57.6%) 34 (47.9%) 110 (54.2%)
Gravidity > 1, previous GDM 23 (17.4%) 23 (33.8%) 47 (23.2%)
Pre‐pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) Underweight 1 (0.8%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.5%)
Normal 35 (26.7%) 6 (8.5%) 41 (20.3%)
Overweight 48 (36.6%) 15 (21.1%) 63 (31.2%)
Obese 47 (35.9%) 50 (70.4%) 97 (48.0%)
GDM diagnosis < 24 wk gestation No 121 (93.8%) 55 (77.5%) 176 (88.0%)
Yes 8 (6.2%) 16 (22.5%) 24 (12.0%)
Gestational Weight Gain Category In Range 39 (35.5%) 18 (28.1%) 57 (32.8%)
Above Range 36 (32.7%) 28 (43.8%) 64 (36.8%)
Below Range 35 (31.8%) 18 (28.1%) 53 (30.5%)
Took Insulin or Medication for GDM Management No 64 (48.5%) 23 (32.4%) 87 (42.9%)
Yes 68 (51.5%) 48 (67.6%) 116 (57.1%)
LGA neonate No 7 (5.3%) 6 (8.5%) 13 (6.4%)
Yes 125 (94.7%) 65 (91.6%) 190 (93.6%)