Results
The results obtained from the present study are shown in Table 2. The total adhesion scores were 5,8571±1,21499 for the CG, 6,2857±1,49603 for the CoG, 2,6±1,14018 for the LLG, 2±1,41421 for the HLG. There were statistically significant differences between macroscopic adhesion scores between groups. A statistically significant decrease was found in all adhesion scores in rats given lycopene compared to groups not given lycopene regardless of dose. There were significantly higher extend [P < 0.05], severity [P < 0.05], degree [P < 0.05] and total adhesion [P < 0.05] scores in the CG and CoG than in the LLG and HLG. Although some adhesion scores [ severity, degree and total adhesion score] were lower in the HLG compared to the LLG, these differences were not statistically significant. p values were 0.73, 0.967 and 0.891 respectively. There was no significant difference between the CG and CoG in terms of all scoring.
When histopathological findings are evaluated, a high level of inflammation was observed between the perimetrium and smooth muscles in the CG and CoG groups. Hyperemia and intense inflammatory cells have been detected in vascular structures. Moderate edema and thickening were also detected in the perimetrium. Similar to CG and CoG groups, high-level inflammation, hyperemia and moderate edema were observed in the perimetrium in the LLG. Inflammation and edema decreased statistically significantly [p <0.05] in the HLG group compared to the other groups, including the LLG group. Symptoms of hyperemia almost disappeared [Table 2, Figure 2]. Anti-VEGF involvement was observed around the vascular structures and perimetrium in the anti-VEGF immunohistochemistry staining of the uterine sections of the experimental groups. It was observed that VEGF H-score values of CG and CoG groups were statistically significantly different from LLG and HLG groups [p<0.05 ]. VEGF H-scores were significantly lower in lycopene-given groups, regardless of dose. When LLG and HLG were compared in terms of anti VEGF H-score, no significant difference was observed [Table 2, Figure 3]. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of VEGF and TAC in biochemical parameters except for MDA [Table 2]. Compared to the CoG group, MDA levels were statistically significantly lower in the CG and HLG [p<0.05] .