Results
The results obtained from the present study are shown in Table 2. The
total adhesion scores were 5,8571±1,21499 for the CG, 6,2857±1,49603 for
the CoG, 2,6±1,14018 for the LLG, 2±1,41421 for the HLG. There were
statistically significant differences between macroscopic adhesion
scores between groups. A statistically significant decrease was found in
all adhesion scores in rats given lycopene compared to groups not given
lycopene regardless of dose. There were significantly higher extend [P
< 0.05], severity [P < 0.05], degree [P
< 0.05] and total adhesion [P < 0.05] scores
in the CG and CoG than in the LLG and HLG. Although some adhesion scores
[ severity, degree and total adhesion score] were lower in the HLG
compared to the LLG, these differences were not statistically
significant. p values were 0.73, 0.967 and 0.891 respectively. There was
no significant difference between the CG and CoG in terms of all
scoring.
When histopathological findings are evaluated, a high level of
inflammation was observed between the perimetrium and smooth muscles in
the CG and CoG groups. Hyperemia and intense inflammatory cells have
been detected in vascular structures. Moderate edema and thickening were
also detected in the perimetrium. Similar to CG and CoG groups,
high-level inflammation, hyperemia and moderate edema were observed in
the perimetrium in the LLG. Inflammation and edema decreased
statistically significantly [p <0.05] in the HLG group
compared to the other groups, including the LLG group. Symptoms of
hyperemia almost disappeared [Table 2, Figure 2]. Anti-VEGF
involvement was observed around the vascular structures and perimetrium
in the anti-VEGF immunohistochemistry staining of the uterine sections
of the experimental groups. It was observed that VEGF H-score values of
CG and CoG groups were statistically significantly different from LLG
and HLG groups [p<0.05 ]. VEGF H-scores were
significantly lower in lycopene-given groups, regardless of dose. When
LLG and HLG were compared in terms of anti VEGF H-score, no significant
difference was observed [Table 2, Figure 3]. There was no
significant difference between the groups in terms of VEGF and TAC in
biochemical parameters except for MDA [Table 2]. Compared to the CoG
group, MDA levels were statistically significantly lower in the CG and
HLG [p<0.05] .