IV. Summary
Simple, localized vascular malformations are composed of a heterogeneous
population of lesions which include capillary, lymphatic, venous or
arteriovenous malformations. Clinical symptoms vary widely, with many
children having asymptomatic lesions which require expectant
observation. Other children develop lesions which cause significant
pain, functional, or cosmetic impairment and require a
multi-disciplinary approach to their care. Diagnosis of simple vascular
malformations is often accomplished through clinical exam and imaging,
but biopsy is indicated if atypical features are present. Management of
vascular malformations is dependent on type of malformation and lesion
location, but can involve medical management, surgical resection, or
sclerotherapy. The pediatric hematologist and oncologist is playing an
ever-increasing role in the care of patients with vascular
malformations. As our understanding of the genetic basis for vascular
malformations grows, targeted therapy originally developed for oncologic
indications, such as KRAS inhibitors, will play a more substantial role
in the treatment of vascular malformations.