FIGURE LEGENDS
Figure 1 - Representation of injection sites.(A) Photomicrograph of a coronal brain section depicting bilateral microinjection sites into the IC of a representative animal.(B) Diagrammatic representations of the bilateral microinjection sites into the IC of LY235959 (1nmol/100nL (n = 7) - blue circles), NBQX (1nmol/100nL (n = 7) - pink circles) and vehicle aCSF (100nL (n = 8) - black circles).
Figure 2 - Variation of mean arterial pressure (ΔMAP) and heart rate (ΔHR) in animals subjected to restraint stress. Time-course curves of ΔMAP and ΔHR in animals treated with artificial cerebrospinal fluid aCSF (100nL (n = 8); white circles), the selective NMDA receptor antagonist LY235959 (1nmol/100nL (n = 7); black circles), or the selective non-NMDA receptor antagonist NBQX (1nmol/100nL (n = 7); gray circles). At time 0 the animals were submitted to restraint stress. The circles represent the mean values ± SEM. # p < 0.05 indicates that treatment differs from control (aCSF) after two-way ANOVA. * p < 0.05 indicates the time when the group showed a difference compared to the aCSF group, by the Bonferroni’s post-test of multiple comparisons. Abbreviations: bpm - beats per minute; mmHg - millimeters of mercury; ΔMAP - mean blood pressure delta; ΔHR – heart rate delta.
Figure 3 – Representative recordings of pulsatile arterial pressure (PAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR).Records throughout the experiment, including the restraint stress, in animals treated with aCSF (100nL), LY235959 (1nmol/100nL) or NBQX (1nmol/100nL). Abbreviations: bpm - beats per minute; mmHg - millimeters of mercury; MAP - mean blood pressure; HR – heart rate; PAP - pulsatile blood pressure
Figure 4 - Variation of tail skin temperature (Δ tail skin temperature) of animals subjected to restraint stress. (A and B)Time-course curve of Δ tail skin temperature in animals treated with in animals treated with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF - 100nL (n = 8); white circles), the selective NMDA receptor antagonist LY235959 (1nmol/100nL (n = 7); black circles), or the selective non-NMDA receptor antagonist NBQX (1nmol/100nL (n = 7); gray circles). At time 0 the animals were submitted to restraint stress. The circles represent the mean values ± SEM. . # p < 0.05 indicates that treatment differs from control (aCSF) after two-way ANOVA. * * p < 0.05 indicates the time when the group showed a difference compared to the aCSF group, by the Bonferroni’s post-test of multiple comparisons.(C) Tail skin infrared digital images of representative rats showing the tail skin temperature before, at first, 10, 20 and 30 minutes of restraint stress in animals treated intra-IC with either saline, the selective NMDA antagonist or the NON-NMDA antagonist. All images use the same color coding to indicate the temperature.
Figure 5 – Baroreflex activity assessed by the sequence analysis technique. Analysis was performed during before IC treatment (basal); after IC treatment (treatment) and during restraint stress at periods 5-10 min (point 1) and 20-25 min (point 2) in animals treated with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF - 100nL (n = 5); white bars), the selective NMDA receptor antagonist LY235959 (1nmol/100nL (n = 7); black bars) or the selective non-NMDA receptor antagonist NBQX (1nmol/100nL (n = 5); grey bars). Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity was assessed during increases (up sequence) and decreases (down sequence) of SAP, as well as the average of all sequences (mean up and down sequences). (TOP) Baroreflex effectivenness index (BEI)(BOTTOM) Baroreflex gain. The bars represent the mean values ± SEM. * p < 0.05 indicates difference compared to the aCSF group after two-way ANOVA.
Figure 6 - Serum corticosterone concentration in animals subjected to restraint stress. Circulating corticosterone concentration before during restraint (stress, 15min after restraint onset) in animals treated with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF - 100nL (n = 5); white bars), the selective NMDA receptor antagonist LY235959 (1nmol/100nL (n = 8); black bars) or the selective non-NMDA receptor antagonist NBQX (1nmol/100nL (n = 8); grey bars). The bars represent the mean values ± SEM. The groups were compared using two-way ANOVA.