Data availability statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the
corresponding author, JJK, upon reasonable request.
Appendix A
Categories of participants | |
Municipal official (2 different organizations) | 2 |
Provincial official | 2 |
Water authority official (3 different organizations) | 4 |
Government agency official (3 different organizations) | 4 |
Nature management organization employee | 2 |
Regional collaboration representative (2 different organizations) | 2 |
Sector association representative (2 different organizations) | 2 |
National Park official (2 different organizations) | 2 |
Semi-government company employee | 2 |
Consultancy employee | 1 |
Appendix B
Agenda for the workshop (translated from Dutch)
Program interactive workshop about future(s) of National Park Hollandse Duinen
17 June 09.00 – 17.00 hrs
Location: XX
The aim of the workshop is to discover with those involved in the Hollandse Duinen National Park the multiplicity of desired relationships between people and nature and to jointly sketch rich visions for the future. In addition, we look for pathways that can contribute to the realization of the visions.
Program
9.00 – 9.30 hour Arrival and coffee
9.30 - 10.45 hour Introduction of the workshop and each other
* Please bring a photo, or some other form of imagery or object, that depicts why nature is important to you.
10.45 - 12.30 hour Outlining positive futures for people and nature in NPHD using the IPBES 'Nature Futures' framework.
12.30 - 13.30 hour Lunch
13.30 - 15.00 hour Brainstorm the current state and transformative change in NPHD using the '3-Horizons' framework.
15.00 - 15.30 hour Pause
15.30 - 16.30 hour Innovations that can help to achieve the desired perspectives for the future
16.30 - 17.00 hour Plenary feedback and next steps
17.00 - 18.00 hour Drinks
Appendix C
Example of SDG target coding. The expressions in the example are translated from the original language (Dutch). The analysis was based on the original expressions. |
| Primary SDG | Target i | Target ii | Target iii | Target .. |
The area is a source of renewable energy. | 7 | 7.2 | | | |
There is sufficient funding for nature management | 15 | 15.1 | | | |
All municipalities are effectively working together for the governance of NPHD | 17 | 16.6 | 17.4 | 17.17 | |
Tourism is sustainable | 8 | 8.9 | 12.b | | |
Appendix D
Table A1. 1st Horizon: What needs to be phased out.
Group / | 1 – How green is red? | 2 – The Bridge builders | 3 – Our Park Hollandse Duinen |
Spatial planning. Landscape, urban, infrastructure design | Urban encroaching into the dunes and beaches. Construction is not nature-inclusive. Traffic jams. Population increase (housing shortage). Unclear what NPHD is, a core with a buffer? | Cluttering and fragmentation of the landscape. Ongoing development and urbanization. 250.000 new houses needed. Outdated and small-scale residential recreation. Demand for space for solar parks. Nobody is against nature, but it is also not a priority (housing and infrastructure draw the longest straws). Area not perceived as an entity. | Urbanization. Space scarcity. Open areas are developed. The housing challenge is immense. Development plans. Fragmented land ownership. Poor access to the area. |
Governance, Policy, Regulations | Fragmented governance. No zoning across NPHD area. Added value of NPHD should be made more explicit. | Sectoral organization. Fragmentation of administration and organization. Thinking too small and fragmented. Not everyone recognizes the need for integration. Social ecological mismatch and the “Topographical disease” that results from thinking in boundaries. Involvement is sectoral. Governors don’t want their borders inside NPHD. The conventional view is that nature only exists outside the city and must be fenced off for protection from people. | Administrative spaghetti. Decentralization of nature policies. Lack of national top-down policy frameworks. Nature has no priority; focus on other policy areas (e.g. economic growth). Preference for technical solutions. Monetary valuation of nature. Policy framework to reduce nitrogen emission is failing. |
Agriculture and production from land. | Pesticide pollution in bulb cultivation. Nitrogen pollution. | Nature-inclusive agriculture is not viable. Salinization problems. Pesticide runoff. | Intensive agriculture. |
Economy, trade and transport. | Large cargo flows in and out. Most traffic on fossil fuels, emitting CO2 and NOx. | Real costs are not internalized. Nature costs money. World market prices prevent local sustainable agriculture. | |
Biodiversity and management | Too little nature protection. Insufficient funds for effective management. | Insufficient funding. Degradation and loss of biodiversity. | Defunding nature and recreation policy programs. |
Livability, health, environment and well-being | Population increase (recreation pressure). | Sea level rise. Increasing pressure from recreation. Pressures from attracting 100.000 more visitors. | Green mass tourism. |
Social structure, community participation, behavior, norms, education and awareness | | People are used to things how they are. Little knowledge of what NPHD is. | Nature is insufficiently part of education. Nature is ‘soft’ value. |