The structuring shows that the produced outputs for the third horizon cover various fundamental features of societies and social-ecological systems, serving as ingredients for an integrative narrative of a desirable vision of the future for NPHD. The structuring also reveals plurality within the groups, as the emerging narratives embed a mix of people-nature relationships. Some apparent trade-offs occur within the groups. For example, in ‘Green is Red’, the landscape supports businesses and food production but also natural dynamics. Various consistencies across the groups can be found, such as the focus on health, the contribution to the local economy and the presence of agriculture. No striking divergences occur across the groups, though it must be noted here that such comparison is limited by the amount of content, especially for the ‘The bridge builders’ who focused more on unpacking the first horizon (Appendix D Table A1).

SDG Target analysis

Assigning one most relevant SDG to each of the sticky notes of the third horizon shows that, across all groups, three goals stand out: Goal 11 (Sustainable cities and communities; 21% of the sampling units), Goal 15 (Life on land; 18%) and Goal 8 (Decent work and economic growth; 15%). All but three SDGs were represented: Goal 1 (No Poverty), Goal 5 (Gender Equality), and Goal 10 (Reducing Inequality).
Coding the 72 sticky notes for the SDG targets resulted in 236 scores. We found that 56 of the 196 SDG targets were represented at least once (Fig. 4). There are 7 targets that we observed in our sample at least 10 times: Target 8.4 (Improve resource efficiency and endeavour to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation); Target 11.4 (Protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage); Target 11.7 (Safe and inclusive green and public spaces); Target 11.a (Positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas); Target 15.1 (Conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services); Target 15.5 (Reduce degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species); Target 15.9 (Integrate ecosystems and biodiversity values into national and local planning, development strategies, and accounts).