Results

Our approach produced two types of outcomes. First, we report on the participatory workshop process in NPHD that combined the NFF and the Three Horizons Framework. Second, we present results from the thematic analysis and the SDG Target analysis.

The Nature Futures of NPHD Workshop Process

Surfacing perspectives on relationships with nature

Stakeholders expressed diverse relationships with nature during step 1 and 2 of the workshop process. In all groups the triangular spaces of the Nature Futures Framework were abundantly populated by photos, objects and descriptions that express people’s relationships with nature. These items, across all groups 81 in total, were mapped all over the triangular framework spaces (Fig. 3). Most of the items that were placed in the corners of the triangle were not positioned in the very extremes. Not all contributions could be translated into text, but examples from the written expressions were: ‘Natural dynamics’ and ‘Cycle of life’ for the Nature for Nature perspective; ‘Food production’ and ‘Recreation’ for the Nature for Society perspective, and ‘Identity’ and ‘Cultural landscape heritage’ for the Nature as Culture perspective. Examples from the center space were: ‘Provides a memory’ and ‘Puts human existence into perspective’. Not every participant immediately understood the Nature as Culture value perspective, and how it differed from Nature for Society . However, confusions were resolved quickly after discussing a few different examples. Eventually, relatively few expressions were attributed to the Nature for Nature perspective (Fig. 3).