Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a relatively common and severe
complication of prematurity, and its pathogenesis remains ambiguous.
Revolutionary advances in microbiological analysis techniques, together
with the growing sophistication of the gut-lung axis hypothesis, have
resulted in more studies linking gut microbiota dysbiosis to the
occurrence and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The present
article builds on current findings to examine the intrinsic associations
between gut microbiota and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The gut
microbiota affects bronchopulmonary dysplasia via several potential
mechanisms including alteration of the gut-lung axis, promotion of
inflammation and the ensuing growth effects, therefore these are also
investigated. By evaluating the potential mechanisms, new therapeutic
targets and potential therapeutic modalities for BPD can be identified
from a microecological perspective.