Publication bias and strength of the body of evidence
The funnel plot presented a relative symmetry (Supplementary Figure S3).
There was no obvious publication bias evaluated by Begg’s test (P=0.348) and Egger’s test (P =0.770), and the pooled RR was
unchanged with the trim-and-fill method (RR [95%CI] =0.72 [0.60,
0.86], P =0.000).
As listed in Supplementary Table S6, with the GRADE system, we graded
SOE for all investigated outcomes as low to moderate, because the
plausible confounding factors may exist for the observational design
although the effect was fully adjusted. The SOE for outcomes between
OAC/VKA/NOAC use and no-OAC use was graded as low due to the
inconsistency and indirectness.