Niche evolution
We use phytools R package (Revell 2013) to visualize niche evolution throughout the phylogeny. We calculate the K value for a given trait and phylogeny, phytools package provides a randomization test to assess the significance of the observed K value (Revell et al. 2020). Finally, to assess the evolution mode along each climatic niche component (Cooper et al. 2010), we fit four alternative models of evolution for values of each climatic principal components (PCs): (a) Brownian motion model (BM) (Felsenstein 1985); (b) “Single-peak” (OU) (Hansen 1997, Butler and King 2004); (c) an early-burst model (EB) (Harmon et al. 2010) and (d) a white noise model (WN). Calculations were conducted using the geiger package (Harmon et al. 2007), and the best-fitting model was chosen using the Akaike information criterion corrected (AICc) for small sample sizes and Akaike weights (ω) (Wagenmakers et al. 2004).