Conclusion and future
perspective
An increase in life expectancy is the result of public health
initiatives and successful infection control interventions. Reports
indicate that 8 million people have been added to the world’s elderly
population each year, and this increase will reach 24 million per year
by 2030 (Nikolich-ugich et al., 2016).
At the molecular scale, aging is a result of collective damages to the
biomolecular systems over a time span that could lead to various organ
injury and physical and mental and subsequently contribute to
age-related diseases that can impose high costs on the medical systems.
Therefore, efforts to achieve treatment and medication methods that can
prevent the disorders by targeting aging pathways will be worthwhile and
valuable.
Consecutive to the advances in next-generation technologies,
transcriptomic and proteomic, multiple genes involved in aging and
longevity have been recognized in diverse organisms that disclose
potential targets for designing novel anti-aging drugs. With the
continued development of high-throughput screening (HTS) technologies
and their application by pharmaceutical companies, enormous clinical
medicines with a variety of therapeutic purposes are obtained from
nanomaterials and their derivatives. Nanotechnology, along with chemical
drugs and, in some cases, drugs of natural origin, has become very
popular over the past ten years. Nanomaterials are widely used in the
production of anti-aging skin medications in many cosmetics.
Nanomedicines could act by directly modulating various signaling
pathways, and function as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, autophagy
regulatory, and genomic stabilizer compounds effect on aging progressing
(Lin-Ping, Wang, & Li, 2019).
Nevertheless, it is evident that the evaluation of the anti-aging
potential of nano-based compounds must include some pivotal assessments
to mitigate the concerns on toxicity, modes of functions, interacting
targets/pathways, effective and optimum dosage, clearance from the body,
and finally, reproducibility and predictability of the interactions.
It is anticipated that the advancement in revealing the genetic and
epigenetic molecular process of aging, along with the significant
improvement in designing the safe nanomaterial, cooperatively can
translate to a more reliable nano-based agent to fortify the longevity
of human species.