Nanoparticles and nanopolymers with Anti-aging activity
Since the past years, several nanoparticles have been synthesized using different ingredients. Dissolving, encapsulation by an association of the desired drugs to the various nanoparticles made of metal salts, proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and synthetic polymers can improve the process of treatment of various diseases, including aging-related diseases.
Three generations of nanoparticles, including nanosphere (a matrix formed by a polymer), nanocapsule (a vesicle consists of a soluble drug in a liquid), and targeted nanoparticle (ligands-decorated colloidal system) have the potentials to be applied in nanomedicine.
The three-dimensional structure of the nanodrug, the extent of drug distribution, and its amount of immune response induction can be influenced by the size, shape, physicochemical characteristics, and surface properties adjusted for their synthesis. Currently, nanodrugs in clinical use, which are approved by the FDA reach more than 50, and also more than 77 nano-based are being examined in Phase I and III of clinical trials (Bobo, Robinson, Islam, Thurecht, & Corrie, 2016). However, only a limited number of these drugs have been introduced as a direct target of aging, and many are used as treatments for aging-related diseases. Some anti-aging nano drugs approved by the FDA are listed in Table 2 .