Regulation of Mitochondrial activity by nanoparticles
It has been confirmed that aging and the age-dependent reduction in organ function are associated with a decline in mitochondrial operation (Rockstein & Brandt, 1963). Mitochondrial mutations leaging to functional irregularity in the processes related to the functioning of this organ in all tissues (Table 4 ) (Cortopassi, Shibata, Soong, & Arnheim, 1992).
In humans, the mitochondrial malfunction is related to the aging process and can predispose humans to some age-related diseases when they reached a significant enough level (Khrapko & Vijg, 2009). Thus, aging is implicated by a decrease in the activity of mitochondrial components, such as mitochondrial enzymes, particularly citrate synthase, a reduction in respiratory capacity per mitochondria, an increase in production of ROS (Zid et al.), and a reduced phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery time (Sun, Youle, & Finkel, 2016).