Conventional echocardiographic measurements
In our study, a GE Vivid E9 doppler ultrasound instrument equipped with
an M5S-D probe (1.5-4.5MHz) was introduced to obtain 2-dimensional
images. The ultrasound examination was conducted when the subjects lay
in the left lateral decubitus position and keep steady breathing with
connecting a three-lead electrocardiography (ECG). Three groups of
participants completed an assessment of echocardiography from multiple
views including the LV long-axis, apical 4-chamber and apical 2-chamber.
We measured the conventional parameters which included interventricular
septal thickness and LV posterior wall thickness at end-diastolic (IVSTd
and PWTd), LV end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) and LV end-systolic diameter
(LVDs), transmitral peak early and late inflow diastolic velocity (E and
A) , early-diastolic tissue velocity of septal and lateral mitral
annulus (Sept e’ and Lat e’), then
computed respectively E/A and E/mean e’.