Sequence of the meta-decision process
All frameworks on which the proposed framework is based suggest that as decisions often require subsequent modification or even complete redesign, the sequence is important but not essential.
Therefore, a switch in decisions can occur through interruptions—sudden events that obstruct the process. Moreover, iterations may occur, wherein faced with a failure, the decision-maker cycles back to an earlier phase to understand needs by gathering more data or develop alternative decisions
Consequently, the main aim of meta-decision-making is the formation of a hierarchical structure that improves the quality of decision-making in practice but does not create “recipes” requiring simple repetition.9
Finally, the timeline and pressure affect the processes. Decisions are made daily, some immediately while others, over months or years. Over time, there is movement across the meta-decision process. Mintzberg et al. 11 applied the concept to multiple examples, such as the introduction of new medication in a hospital. Over two years, the decision-making process went through the abovementioned three steps but encountered multiple interruptions and multiple development cycles and evaluation/selection steps. Political bias was also reported as affecting decision-making. Figure 2 suggests more examples with different possible meta-decision processes. The minimum process comprises identification and evaluation. With increasing complexity, all meta-decision steps, with many interruptions and cycles, can occur.