Ejection fraction and volumetric assessment
LV and RV ejection fraction (EF) were noted in 4 studies [102,104–106]. In a study of 100 patients, and 50 controls, patients who recovered from COVID-19 had lower LVEF, RVEF, and higher left ventricular mass [102]. This was duplicated in another study of 10 patients where 2 had depressed LVEF with apical ballooning suggesting a takotsubo pattern and 3 patients having mildly reduced EF[104]. In another study of athletes recovering from COVID-19 compared with controls, RVEF was significantly reduced in the COVID-19 group [106].