Abbreviations: MS, mass spectrometry; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance;
C/H, ratio of carbon to hydrogen;
fA, fraction of aromatic carbon; CT,
total carbon number; CA, aromatic carbon number;
CS, saturated carbon number; RT, total
number of rings
FIGURE 1 Characterization flowchart of residue oils
The macroscopic properties such as distillation range, density, average
molecular weight, etc. of the residue oils were obtained using the
corresponding analytical instruments. The residue oil was separated into
narrow fractions using supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation
(SFEF) technology. Each narrow fraction was separated using
Al2O3 column chromatography to obtain
sub-fractions of saturates, aromatics, resins, and
asphaltenes.29 The saturates and aromatics were
analyzed to get the ring numbers of naphthenes and aromatics. The resins
and asphaltenes were analyzed using the element analyzer, analog
distillation instrument, time-of-flight MS, NMR to get the average
structure parameters according to the Brown-Ladner
method.30,31 Taking a feed oil of the delayed coking
plant from PetroChina as an example, partial characterization results of
the residue oil obtained by the aforementioned methods are shown in
Table S1, Table S2, Table S3 and Figure S1 in the Supporting
Information.