2.3 Agronomic traits, grain yield, and yield components
At maturity, agronomic traits such as plant height (from ground level to
the tip of panicles), panicle length (from panicle neck to the tip of
panicle), flag leaf length, and flag leaf width were measured using the
longest tiller in a hill. Grain yield and yield components per plant
were determined in Joetsu, Nay Pyi Taw, Los Baños, Coimbatore, and
Subang. Note that only one replicate was designed in Subang, but 3–5
replicates in other sites (Table S1). Subsamples were prepared for
selecting filled grains by an air-blower or water method and for
subsequent determination of one thousand grain weight (1000GW).
Selection of filled grains for seven yield trials in Nay Pyi Taw was
consistently conducted by water method. Grain yield and 1000 GW were
expressed based on 14% moisture content. Grain length, width, and
thickness were measured with a digital caliper (SINWA Sokutei, Sanjo,
Niigata, Japan) using the grains harvested in Joetsu, Ishigaki, and Nay
Pyi Taw.