AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank research technicians who were in charge of field management in each experimental site. Meteorological data in Ishigaki and Los BaƱos was provided by Dr. S. Goto and Dr. K. Okamoto (TARF/JIRCAS), and IRRI Climate Unit, respectively. T.I. thanks Dr. S.V.K. Jagadish (Kansas State University) and Dr. M. Okamura for critical reading of the manuscript and advice in statistical analysis, respectively. This work was supported by the Japanese government (MOFA and MAFF) under the IRRI-Japan Collaborative Research Project (to T. I.), by grant-in-aid from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (No.26257410 to T. M., K. K., and T. I.), and Global Environment Research Coordination System organized by Ministry of Environment (MAFF1842 to M. Y. and T. I.).