Author Age/sex Age at onset Progression Family History Comorbidities Drug or Chemical Exposure Nail Examination Histopathology/PAS KOH Mount/Culture
Arsiwala [1 ]
35 M
23 years
started with finger nails, slowly progressed to involve all finger nails and great toe nails
No
No
No
Leuconychia totalis of 10 fingernails and both great toenails
Negative for both KoH and fungal cultures
Bakry et al [2] 12 M 5 years Gradually progressive No No No Leuconychia totalis of 10 fingernails Negative for both KoH and fungal culture
Bongiorno and Aricò [3]
34 M
23 years
simultaneous leuconychia partialis of fingers and toenails, gradually progressed to leuconychia totalis
No
No
No
striata and total leukonychia of 20 nails, soft nails
Negative for both KoH and fungal cultures
Claudel et al [5]
12 M
11 years
leukonychia on 7 fingernails progressed to involve 8 fingernails and single toenail over 1 year
uncle with alopecia areata
Exercise induced asthma
Short course of prednisolone shortly before nail changes, albuterol inhaler, Leuconychia persisted although asthma resolved and treatment was stopped total leukonychia 8 fingernails and 1 toenail, occasional pits globular collections of large immature keratohyalin granules
D’Souza et al [6]
10 M
4 years
leukonychia partialis to striata and totalis, complete resolution after 7 months of zinc and amino acid supplementation
No
No
No
Leukonychia totalis and striata on fingernails, with leukonychia partialis in both thumbnails
Negative for both KoH and fungal cultures
Das et al [7 ] 14 M 5 years No No No Leuonychia totalis of 10 fingernails Negative for both KoH and fungal culture
Dlova and Tosti [8 ]
20 M
12 years
No
No
No
Leuonychia totalis of 10 fingernails
marked parakeratosis within the nail plate
Negative for both KoH and fungal culture
Eller and Anderson[9 ] 15 M 14 year No No No Leuonychia totalis of 10 fingernails
Kim et al [10 ]
19 M
19 years
Rapidly progressive (1 month) , central white spots on toenails that progressed to almost total nail whitening.
No
No
No
Leuconychia totalis & partialis of 10 toenails
sparse parakeratosis with globular collection of keratohyalin granules
Negative for both KoH and fungal culture
Park et al [11 ]
26 M
13 years
progressed slowly from Leuconychia Partialis to totalis
No
No
No
Leuconychia Partialis & totalis of 9 fingernails except left thumb globular collection of large, immature keratohyalin granules
Stewart et al [12 ]
23 M
17 years
slowly progressive from Leuconychia Partialis to totalis
No
No
No
Leuconychia Partialis & totalis of 10 fingernails and second toenails
Negative for both KoH and fungal culture
Chang Nam Lee [13]
26 M
13 years
leukonychia partialis to totalis
No
Leuconychia Partialis & totalis of 9 fingernails except left thumb
globular collection of large immature keratohyaline granules
Neki NS [14] 29 M 20 years simultaneous and synchronous whitening of all the finger and toe nails No No No Leukonychia totalis of finger nails and partialis of toe nails Negative for both KoH and fungal culture
Freeman SC [15] 17 M 12 years horizontal bands on several fingernails Gradually, more nails became involved, and some nails became almost entirely white No No No Horizontal white bands on 9 fingernails nail plate showed parakeratosis, PAS negative Negative for KoH
Angoori GR [16]
30 M
Childhood
started in few nails and progressed to involve all fingernails
No
No
No
Total leukonychia of 10 fingernails
Negative for both KoH and fungal culture
32 M 8 years Polymorphous light eruption
Mathachan SR et al [17] 20 M 19 years progression from partialis to totalis No No No Total leukonychia of fingernails and partialis in toenails Negative for both KoH and fungal culture
18 M 15 years progression from partialis to totalis Leuconychia totalis and partialis in all fingernails and toenails
Verma S [18]
24 M
19 years
progressive from Leuconychia Partialis to totalis, fingernails to toenails
No
No
No
total leuconychia of all finger nails and partial to total leuconychia of all toenails
Negative for both KoH and fungal culture
Our case 17 M 14 years Gradual progession from partialis to totalis No No No Leuconychia totalis and partialis in all fingernails and toenails Negative for both KoH and fungal culture