Overexpression of MdHSFA9b and MdHSFA1d promotes flowering
To verify the flowering phenotype of HSFs, we performed Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformations of MdHSFA9b andMdHSFA1d into A. thaliana . Like OE-MdNup62 , OE-MdHSFA9b and OE-MdHSFA1d lines flowered significantly earlier than WT (Figures 9a and S3a). Additionally, they also had significantly fewer rosette leaves than WT during bolting (Figures 9b and S3b). We also performed genomic PCR (Figure S2b, c), semi-quantitative RT-PCR (Figures 9c and S3c), and qRT-PCR (Figures 9d and S3d) to confirm the presence of the transgene in the OE-MdHSFA9b and OE-MdHSFA1d lines. The transcript levels of AtFT , AtLFY , and AtSOC1 were significantly increased in OE-MdHSFA9b and OE-MdHSFA1d lines compared with WT (Figures 9e and S3e).