Patient Selection
Patients with HLHS who had undergone HP with one or more further interventions on the atrial septum, prior to the second palliation, were identified from the departmental database (HeartSuite). Patients with atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial concordance with mitral and aortic stenosis or atresia, with no significant ventricular septal defects were included. Patients with other variants such as unbalanced atrioventricular septal defects or double outlet right ventricle were excluded. Patient demographics along with the date of procedures were recorded. Further procedures and current status were recorded from the same departmental database.
Echocardiograms were identified, reviewed and analysed on the Philips Xcelera workstation. Time-points for analysis were: