Figure 5: Schematic summary of a) key predictions and b) key findings regarding limiting factors (seeds, resources or growth rate) that constrain cover abundance of groups of fast and slow invaders and constrain diversity of resident species in early, mid and late successional communities. Large letters indicate factors that primarily limit plant cover or diversity; subscripts indicate secondary or tertiary limiting factors; e.g. SR indicates that seeds are primary and resources secondary limiting factor. Key results are based on results shown in Figs 2-4.