Introduction
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is caused by an enveloped,
non-segmented, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus belonging to
the Coronaviridae family (SARS-CoV-2)[1] , emerged in China’s region
Wuhan[2] , spreading worldwide and becoming one of the most lethal
pandemic with a rapid increase of affected people. The SARS-CoV-2
infection clinical progression is mostly characterized by acute lung
injury. Yet, some COVID-19 patients showed also neurological signs,
acute myocardial injury, heart failure, myocarditis and
hypercoagulability, such as pulmonary embolism[3]. Cardiac
biomarkers can play an essential role in the diagnosis, management, and
prognosis of COVID 19. In fact, during hospitalization, these patients
develop biochemical abnormalities, with increasing of all Troponins
(TnT), B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) and creatine
kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) levels. This situation helps us to
predict adverse outcomes, especially in patients with cardiovascular
comorbidities or risk factors. Despite initially COVID-19 was identified
above all as a respiratory disease with severe interstitial pneumonia
and risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome, data emerged
demonstrated a myocardial involvement which determines a high risk of
adverse events and increasing of mortality. According to Danwang et
al[4], COVID-19 patients are divided into mild, moderate, severe,
and critical classifications basing on biochemical parameters.
The aim of our review is to evaluate data on the predisposition to worse
outcomes, comparing the severity of COVID-19 and levels of biomarkers.