Fig. 13 Morphologies of the cementite phase under different loading conditions after ten cycles. Applied loads of (a, d) d1, (b, e) d2 and (c, f) d3. Loading directions are along (a, b, c) the y -axis and (d, e, f) the x -axis, respectively. Black dashed box shows the damaged morphology of the cementite phase. The initial structure is provided for comparison in (g).