Discussion
The native PVIE is the least frequent presentation of IE. If IE is suspected, a TEE is recommended for its correct assessment. TTE lacks sensibility for PV disease evaluation, as the echocardiographic window is poor. Pulmonary septic embolisms are infrequent and are usually associated with right IE. To conclude, we can say that VP replacement is an easily-reproducible surgical technique in adults, even though PVIE is uncommon.