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Infectious complications can often occur after surgery performed for the treatment of upper urinary tract stones. Previous studies have shown that a positive preoperative bladder urine culture (PBUC) indicates an increased possibility of postoperative infectious complication development. However, infectious complications can occur even in the presence of prophylactic antibiotics and a negative PBUC. The results of the PBUC susceptibility test do not correlate well with the results of renal pelvic urine culture (RPUC) analysis. It has been demonstrated that growth in RPUC is an important marker for infection development after endoscopic operations.